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1.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2023 Jan; 60(1): 76-85
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-221651

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to reveal the phytochemical profile, free radical scavenging potential, and anticancer activity of Solanum lycopersicum L. leaf extract (SLLE). According to the study, SLLE contains plant secondary metabolites that are beneficial for health, like phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The SLLE has shown potential free radical scavenging potential in DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging analysis and its EC50 values (concentration required to inhibit 50% of free radicals) were determined as 481.29 ± 33.82 and 527.56 ± 20.34 µg/mL, respectively. The SLLE has the ability to scavenge free radicals and could be used to treat illnesses brought on by oxidative stress. The anticancer activity of SLLE was assessed by MTT, LDH, micro-morphological, live/dead dual staining, and caspase-3 analysis. In the MTT assay, the IC50 value (concentration required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) of SLLE was determined as 190.41 ± 4.77 µg/mL. Furthermore, SLLE has shown potential anticancer activity by adversely affecting the plasma membrane integrity and escalating the caspase-3 levels. In the biomedical field, SLLE could be highly useful to treat cancer.

2.
Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR (Online) ; 24(2, cont.): e2404, jul-dez. 2021. tab, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1352309

ABSTRACT

O tomateiro é uma das hortaliças de maior importância econômica a nível mundial. No entanto, sua produção pode ser limitada por diversos fatores, sendo o manejo da água o principal fator limitante. Dessa forma, o uso de tecnologias que melhorem a eficiência no uso da água é de extrema importância, destacando-se entre estas o uso de hidrogel. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar as taxas de crescimento e produção do tomateiro sob lâminas de irrigação e volumes de hidrogel. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3x4, em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, sendo os fatores: três volumes de hidrogel previamente hidratado (0, 50 e 100 ml por planta); e 4 lâminas de irrigação (40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura). Foram avaliadas as taxas de crescimento absoluto e relativo da altura de planta e diâmetro do caule, massa média dos frutos e a produtividade por planta. Os resultados evidenciaram que a redução das lâminas de irrigação levou a redução linear das taxas de crescimento absolutas e relativas de altura e diâmetro. Perante essas mesmas condições, também houve redução da massa média dos frutos e da produtividade por planta. O uso de hidrogel não afetou nenhuma das características avaliadas, dessa forma, recomenda-se a sua não utilização nas condições desse estudo. Indica-se a utilização da lâmina de reposição de 100% da ETc.(AU)


Tomato is one of the most economically relevant vegetables worldwide. However, its production can be limited by several factors, with water management being the main limiting factor. Thus, the use of technologies that improve efficiency in the use of water are extremely important, with emphasis on the use of hydrogel. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and production rates of tomato under irrigation depths and hydrogel volumes. The experiment was carried out in a 3x4 factorial scheme, in randomized blocks with four replications, with the following factors: three volumes of previously hydrated hydrogel (0, 50 and 100 ml per plant); and 4 irrigation depths (40, 60, 80 and 100% evapotranspiration of the crop). The absolute and relative growth rates of plant height and stem diameter, average fruit mass, and productivity per plant were evaluated. The results showed that the reduction of irrigation depths led to a linear reduction in absolute and relative growth rates in both height and diameter. Under these same conditions, there was also a reduction in the average fruit mass and productivity per plant. The use of hydrogel did not affect any of the evaluated characteristics; therefore, it is recommended not to use it under the conditions of this study. It is recommended to use the 100% ETc replacement blade.(AU)


El tomate es una de las hortalizas de mayor importancia económica a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, su producción puede verse limitada por varios factores, siendo la gestión del agua el principal factor limitante. Por ello, el uso de tecnologías que mejoren la eficiencia en el uso del agua es de suma importancia, con énfasis en el uso de hidrogel. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las tasas de crecimiento y producción de tomate en láminas de riego y volúmenes de hidrogel. El experimento se realizó en un esquema factorial 3x4, en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, siendo los factores: tres volúmenes de hidrogel previamente hidratado (0, 50 y 100 ml por planta); y 4 láminas de riego (40, 60, 80 y 100% evapotranspiración del cultivo). Se evaluaron las tasas de crecimiento absoluto y relativo de la altura de la planta y el diámetro del tallo, la masa promedio de frutos y la productividad por planta. Los resultados mostraron que la reducción de las láminas de riego condujo a una reducción lineal en las tasas de crecimiento absoluto y relativo en altura y diámetro. En estas mismas condiciones, también se redujo la masa media de frutos y de la productividad por planta. El uso de hidrogel no afectó ninguna de las características evaluadas, por lo que se recomienda no utilizarlo en las condiciones de ese estudio. Se recomienda utilizar la lámina de repuesto del 100% del ETc.(AU)


Subject(s)
Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development , Hydrogels , Lamins/analysis , Agricultural Irrigation , Technology
3.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 37: e37006, Jan.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358458

ABSTRACT

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical on the yield and quality of cherry tomato grown under different irrigation depths in protected environment, in 2013 and 2014. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (5 x 3 factor), with five irrigation depths as the factors (70%, 85%, 100%, 115% and 130% of ETc) and three types of fertilization: no fertilized soil (control), NPK fertilized soil (Chemical) and earthworm humus fertilized soil (organic). The following were evaluated in this study: water use efficiency, number of aborted flowers, total soluble solid content, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruits, number of fruits and fruit yield per plant. Organic fertilization is an alternative to the chemical with no losses in yield and fruit quality. The increase in water depth enhanced yield and fruit diameters and reduced water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was more sensitive to the increments in water depth than to different types of fertilization. The values ​​of °Brix obtained in the experiment were classified as acceptable for the domestic and international market when submitted to organic fertilization.


Subject(s)
Soil , Solanum lycopersicum , Fertilizers/analysis , Agricultural Irrigation
4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(3): 761-767, 01-05-2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146964

ABSTRACT

Boron (B) retranslocation may confer greater tolerance to B deficiency or toxicity, resulting in plants and fruits with better nutritional quality. Most plants do not demonstrate phloem mobility for B; however, some plants have natural mobility and others express it under stress conditions, such as nutritional stress. Therefore, we investigated the phloem mobility of B in cherry tomato plants with different nutritional status. The plants were cultivated in nutrient solution with adequate and insufficient doses of Potassium (K) and B. Furthermore, the plants received foliar fertilization with B in a mature leaf (F) in a localized form. The B content and amount in leaves near F were compared with leaves of the same age and position on control plants. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment and conducted in a randomized complete block design in a subdivided plot scheme with four replicates. Re-translocation of B between neighboring leaves was observed when the plant was without K deficiency and with B deficiency. In this nutritional status, leaves next to fertilized leaf with B (F) showed higher B amount when compared to leaves of the same position of control plants. Evidence suggests that retranslocation of B over relatively short distances (between leaves) can be influenced by the nutritional status the cherry tomato plants.


A retranslocação de Boro (B) pode conferir maior tolerância à deficiência ou toxidez de B, resultando em plantas e frutos com melhor qualidade nutricional. A maioria das plantas não demonstra mobilidade floemática para o B, contudo, algumas plantas possuem mobilidade natural e outras a expressam sob condições de estresse, como o estresse nutricional. Nesse sentido, foi investigada a mobilidade floemática do B em plantas de tomate cereja com diferentes status nutricionais. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva com doses adequada e insuficiente de Potássio (K) e B. Adicionalmente, as plantas receberam, de forma localizada, fertilização foliar com B em uma folha madura (F). Os teores e os conteúdos de B nas folhas vizinhas a F foram comparados com folhas de mesma idade e posição de plantas controle. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido e conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Evidenciou-se retranslocação de B entre folhas vizinhas quando a planta estava sem deficiência de K e com deficiência de B. Neste status nutricional, as folhas vizinhas à folha aplicada (F) apresentaram maiores teores e conteúdos de B quando comparadas às folhas de mesma posição das plantas controle. As evidências sugerem que a retranslocação de B em distâncias relativamente curtas (entre folhas) pode ser influenciada pelo status nutricional de plantas de tomate cereja.


Subject(s)
Potassium , Boron , Solanum lycopersicum , Phloem
5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-204856

ABSTRACT

Cherry tomatoes are usually cultivated under greenhouse which is out of the reach of the marginal farmers. Due to unavailability of microclimatic and biochemical data in cherry tomato, meagre yield is obtained at open field conditions. Since the microclimatic factors and growing environment have immense influence on yield and quality attributes of any crop, this experiment was aimed to study the correlation of microclimate with the yield and quality contributing traits of eighteen genetically diverse genotypes of cherry tomato at open field trained on trellis and under naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. In the given study, under open conditions, mean canopy temperature in morning at 7 a.m. (15.3-19.4°C) showed highly significant positive correlation with total yield, whereas total yield possessed highly significant negative association with the mean mid-day (12 noon) canopy temperature and mean mid-day soil temperature above 25°C. In poly house condition, total yield reflected significant negative correlation with morning mean canopy temperature (24.6°C) and mid-day mean canopy temperature (25.8-26°C), whereas total yield was negatively correlated with morning and mid-day mean soil temperature when the temperature was above 20.7°C. Among biochemical parameters, lycopene and beta-carotene content increased with mean canopy temperature at 19.5°C and further decreased above 21.5°C, however TSS increased with increase in mean canopy temperature from 15 to 25°C and decreased beyond 30°C temperature.

6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(3): 849-858, may./jun. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048692

ABSTRACT

Potassium has a great impact on plant growth. It regulates synthesis reactions and participates in the translocation of photoassimilates, cell elongation, and enzymatic reactions related to photosynthesis, respiration, synthesis of starches, proteins, and lignin. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth of cherry tomato in hydroponic system under increasing potassium doses. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of different doses of potassium (6, 8, 10 and 12 mmol L-1) evaluated at 26, 41, 56, 71, 86 and 101 DAT (daysafter transplanting). Accumulation of dry mass of leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits; leaf area; number of flowers and fruits; length and volume of roots were determined at each evaluation time. The physiological indices studied were: relative growth rate, leaf area index and ratio, net assimilation rate, root-shoot ratio, and nutrient accumulation in leaves, stems, and roots. Potassiumdoses between 6 and 12 mmol L-1 had no influence on the growth of the cherry tomato. The relative growth rate has gradually decreased over the evaluation period. Accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in the leaves peaked at 101 DAT.


O potássio tem grande impacto no crescimento de plantas, regulando reações de síntese e participando na translocação de fotoassimilados, elongação celular e reações enzimáticas relacionadas à fotossíntese, respiração, síntese de amidos, proteínas e lignina. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar o crescimento das plantas de tomateiro cereja em sistema hidropônico, sob doses crescentes de potássio. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram das diferentes doses de potássio (6, 8, 10 e 12 mmol L-1) e das datas de coletas aos 26, 41, 56, 71, 86 e 101 DAT (dias após o transplantio). Em cada coleta determinou-se o acúmulo de massa seca de folhas, caules, raízes, inflorescências e frutos; área foliar; número de inflorescências e frutos; comprimento e volume radicular. Calcularam-se os índices fisiológicos: taxa de crescimento relativo, razão e índice de área foliar, taxa assimilatória líquida e razão raiz-parte aérea e acúmulo dos nutrientes nas folhas, caules e raízes. Doses de potássio entre 6 e 12 mmol L-1 não influenciaram o crescimento do tomateiro tipo cereja. A taxa de crescimento relativo reduziu-se gradativamente ao longo do período de avaliação. Os acúmulos de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre nas folhas foram máximos aos 101 DAT.


Subject(s)
Potassium , Solanum lycopersicum , Hydroponics , Diet, Food, and Nutrition
7.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(4): 850-860, july/aug. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966246

ABSTRACT

The tomato crop has social, food, and economic importance both in Brazil and internationally for generating high employment opportunities in the productive sector and offering high nutritional value of the fruits. Given the importance of this tomato culture, there is a constant search for improved varieties that meet the needs of producers in the processing industry. The objective of this study was to characterize strains of the industrial tomato in the absorption of macronutrients and micronutrients, in level of chlorophyll content in leaves, in productivity, and in uniformity of maturation fruits. The experiment was conducted in 2014 in the experimental area of the Federal University of Goiás in Goiânia. The design was a randomized block with 25 treatments (22 lines and three commercial hybrids) and four replications. We evaluated the chlorophyll content in leaves, macronutrient content, foliar macro and micronutrient content, fruit yield, and uniformity of maturation. The lineages CVR 1, CVR 3, CVR4, CVR 5, CVR21, and CVR 22 have high productivity, as well as being uniform in maturation. The lineages CVR 2, CVR 5, CVR 7, CVR 8, CVR 9, CVR 10, CVR 11, CVR 12, CVR 13, CVR 14, CVR 15, CVR 16, CVR 17, CVR 18, CVR 19 and CVR 20 are uniform in maturation. The lines have different potentials regarding the absorption of P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. There is a positive correlation between the chlorophyll content and the amount of nitrogen present in the leaves.


A cultura do tomateiro possui importância social, alimentar e econômica tanto no cenário brasileiro quanto no internacional pela alta empregabilidade do setor produtivo e alto valor nutritivo dos frutos. Diante da relevância da cultura, é constante a busca por cultivares melhoradas que atendam as necessidades dos produtores, bem como das indústrias de processamento. Objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar linhagens de tomateiro industrial quanto à absorção de macronutrientes e micronutrientes, teor de clorofila, produtividade e uniformidade de maturação. O experimento foi conduzido no ano de 2014, em área experimental da Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com 25 tratamentos (22 linhagens e três híbridos comerciais) e quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o teor de clorofila presente nas folhas, teores de macro e micronutrientes foliares, produtividade de frutos e a uniformidade de maturação. As linhagens CVR 1, CVR 3, CVR 4, CVR 5, CVR 21 e CVR 22 apresentam alta produtividade, além de serem uniformes quanto a maturação. As linhagens CVR 2, CVR 5, CVR 7, CVR 8, CVR 9, CVR 10, CVR 11, CVR 12, CVR 13, CVR 14, CVR 15, CVR 16, CVR 17, CVR 18, CVR 19 e CVR 20 são uniformes na maturação. As linhagens têm potenciais diferentes quanto à absorção de P, K, Ca, Mg e Zn. Há uma correlação positiva entre o teor de clorofila e a quantidade de nitrogênio presente nas folhas.


Subject(s)
Soil , Food , Solanum lycopersicum , Genotype
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(3): 506-513, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888777

ABSTRACT

Abstract Pollinators provide an essential service to natural ecosystems and agriculture. In tomatoes flowers, anthers are poricidal, pollen may drop from their pore when flowers are shaken by the wind. However, bees that vibrate these anthers increase pollen load on the stigma and in fruit production. The present study aimed to identify the pollinator richness of tomato flowers and investigate their morphological and functional traits related to the plant-pollinator interaction in plantations of Central Brazil. The time of anthesis, flower duration, and the number and viability of pollen grains and ovules were recorded. Floral visitors were observed and collected. Flower buds opened around 6h30 and closed around 18h00. They reopened on the following day at the same time in the morning, lasting on average 48 hours. The highest pollen availability occurred during the first hours of anthesis. Afterwards, the number of pollen grains declined, especially between 10h00 to 12h00, which is consistent with the pollinator visitation pattern. Forty bee species were found in the tomato fields, 30 of which were considered pollinators. We found that during the flowering period, plants offered an enormous amount of pollen to their visitors. These may explain the high richness and amount of bees that visit the tomato flowers in the study areas. The period of pollen availability and depletion throughout the day overlapped with the bees foraging period, suggesting that bees are highly effective in removing pollen grains from anthers. Many of these grains probably land on the stigma of the same flower, leading to self-pollination and subsequent fruit development. Native bees (Exomalopsis spp.) are effective pollinators of tomato flowers and are likely to contribute to increasing crop productivity. On the other hand, here tomato flowers offer large amounts of pollen resource to a high richness and amount of bees, showing a strong plant-pollinator interaction in the study agroecosystem.


Resumo Polinizadores fornecer um serviço essencial para os ecossistemas naturais e para agricultura. Em tomateiros, as anteras são poricidas e o pólen pode sair a partir dos poros quando as flores são agitadas pelo vento. No entanto, as abelhas que vibram as anteras aumentam a carga de pólen no estigma e na produção de frutos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a riqueza dos polinizadores das flores de tomate e investigar suas características morfológicas e funcionais relacionadas com a interação planta-polinizador em plantações do Brasil central. Foram registrados o tempo de antese, duração flor, bem como o número e viabilidade de grãos de pólen e óvulos. Os visitantes florais foram observados e coletados. Os botões florais abriram-se em torno 06h30 e fechou em torno de 18h00. As flores reabrem no dia seguinte ao mesmo tempo na parte da manhã, com longevidade média de 48 horas. A maior disponibilidade de pólen ocorreu durante as primeiras horas da antese. Depois disso, o número de grãos de pólen diminuiu, especialmente entre as 10h00 às 12h00, o que é consistente com os padrões de visitação de polinizadores. Quarenta espécies de abelhas foram encontradas nos campos de tomate, 30 das quais foram consideradas polinizadores. Durante o período de floração, as plantas oferecem enorme quantidade de pólen para os seus visitantes. Isto pode explicar a alta riqueza e quantidade de abelhas que visitam as flores de tomate nas áreas de estudo. O período de disponibilidade e redução de pólen durante todo o período do dia é sobreposto com o período de alimentação das abelhas, o que sugere que elas são altamente eficazes na remoção de grãos de pólen das anteras. Muitos desses grãos provavelmente são depositados no estigma da mesma flor, levando à auto-polinização e o desenvolvimento de frutos. Abelhas nativas (Exomalopsis spp.) são polinizadores efetivos de flores de tomate, podendo contribuir para o aumento da produtividade das culturas. Por outro lado, as flores de tomate oferecem grandes quantidades de pólen de recursos para uma alta riqueza e quantidade de abelhas, que mostram um estudo forte interação planta-polinizador nos agroecossistemas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/physiology , Solanum lycopersicum/anatomy & histology , Solanum lycopersicum/physiology , Biodiversity , Pollination , Bees/classification , Brazil , Flowers/anatomy & histology , Flowers/physiology
9.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 18(4): 267-272, July 2015. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-757862

ABSTRACT

Background The size and weight of tomato seeds depend on genetics and can be modified by environment and management. In some species, a strong relation has been described between physical aspects of the seeds and the quality of the corresponding seedlings, but this cannot be considered a general rule. The objective of this research was to identify any association between the biometric characteristics of tomato seeds and the growth and development of their seedlings. Results A total of 18 lots of hybrid tomato seeds were used (from indeterminate plants with round fruits), belonging to six varieties from two reproduction seasons. Each lot was evaluated for seed size and weight, and seed quality, in terms of the germination test (5 and 14 d after sowing). The number of normal roots emerged with a length above 2 mm was also evaluated at d 3, 4 and 5 after sowing. The length of the seedlings and their total and partial dry weight were measured 5 d after sowing. The results indicate that there was no association between seed size and weight and subsequent seedling emergence, and only weak correlations were found between the dry weight of the radicle and cotyledon and seed size. Conclusion There is little association between the physical characteristics of the seeds and the subsequent seedlings, making it impossible to propose the use of seed weight or size as a compliment to quality evaluation tests.


Subject(s)
Solanum lycopersicum/anatomy & histology , Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development , Seedlings/anatomy & histology , Seedlings/growth & development , Seeds , Biometry
10.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(6): 958-963, 06/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747071

ABSTRACT

A veiculação de fungicidas, inseticidas e reguladores de crescimento por meio da peliculização às sementes de tomate pode ser promissora no contexto da produção de mudas. No entanto, primeiramente, é necessário entender a dinâmica do revestimento com polímeros na germinação e vigor de sementes. Dessa forma, determinaram-se os efeitos da peliculização no potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate e no crescimento de mudas. Para tanto, empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo duas cultivares ('Santa Clara' e 'Kada Gigante') e quatro concentrações do polímero Disco AG Red L-203(r) (0, 50, 100 e 150mL kg-1 de semente), com quatro repetições. A interação entre os fatores (cultivar x concentrações de polímero) ocorreu somente para as variáveis germinação e primeira contagem. As concentrações 100 e 150mL kg-1 prejudicaram a germinação de sementes de tomate da cultivar 'Santa Clara'. A cultivar 'Kada Gigante' obteve um desempenho superior à 'Santa Clara' quanto à emergência de plântulas. O efeito da peliculização na germinação de sementes de tomate depende da cultivar utilizada. O potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate não é alterado pelo uso de polímeros de revestimento.


The airing of fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators through the film coating tomato seed can be promising in the context of the production of seedlings. However, first there is a need to understand the dynamics of polymers in the germination and vigor of seeds. In this way, it was determined the effects of film coating on the physiological potential of tomato seeds and seedling growth. To this end, it was used a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2x4, being two cultivars ('Santa Clara' and 'Kada Gigante') with four concentrations of polymer Disc AG Red L-203(r) (0, 50, 100 and 150mL kg-1 of seed), and four replications. The interaction among the factors (cultivar x polymer concentrations) ocurred only for variables germination and first count. Concentrations 100 and 150mL kg-1 harmed the germination of seeds of tomato cultivate 'Santa Clara'. The 'Kada Gigante' cultivar obtained a better performance when compared to 'Santa Clara' regarding the emergence of seedlings. The effect of film coating on the seeds germination of tomato depends on the cultivar. The physiological potential of tomato seeds is not changed by the use of coating polymers.

11.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(5): 782-787, 05/2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-745828

ABSTRACT

Compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidante são mecanismos de defesa das plantas aos danos do estresse oxidativo. Os compostos fenólicos são sintetizados pela via dos fenilpropanoides, cuja enzima chave, fenilalanina amônia liase, é influenciada pela luz e ação de fotorreceptores, como o fitocromo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a concentração de compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante de frutos de microtomateiro selvagem, cultivar "Micro-Tom" (MT), e seus mutantes fotomorfogenéticos high pigment 1 (hp1), super-responsivo a eventos mediados por luz e aurea (au), deficiente quantitativo em fitocromos. Vinte frutos maduros de cada genótipo (MT, hp1 e au) foram utilizados para as análises, realizadas em triplicata. Para quantificação dos compostos fenólicos totais, foi utilizado o método de Folin-Ciocalteu e a capacidade antioxidante foi realizada pelos métodos Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) e 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Os frutos do mutante hp1 apresentaram maiores conteúdos de compostos fenólicos totais e também maior capacidade antioxidante em relação à cultivar selvagem ("MT") e ao mutante au, o qual não diferiu significativamente da cultivar "MT".


Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity are defense mechanisms of plants against the oxidative stress damage. Phenolic compounds are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, where the enzyme phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase plays a key role and it is influenced by light and photoreceptors such as phytochromes. The present research aims to evaluate the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity of the wild "Micro-Tom" (MT) cultivar tomato fruits and its photomorphogenic mutant tomato plants high pigment 1 (hp1), super responsive to events mediated by light, and aurea (au), quantitative phytochrome deficient. Twenty mature fruits of each genotype ("MT", hp1, au) were used in triplicate for analyses. To quantify the total phenolic compounds the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The hp1 mutant presented the highest total phenolic compounds content and higher antioxidant capacity than wild cultivar ("MT") and au mutant, which did not differ significantly from "MT" cultivar.

12.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(2): 447-457, mar./apr. 2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-947149

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze photosynthate partitioning in tomato photomorphogenic mutants at the ends of the vegetative (40 days after emergence [DAE]) and reproductive (69 DAE) stages and to determine its interaction with morphoanatomical aspects. The mutants aurea (au), phytochrome-deficient, high pigment-1 (hp1), light-exaggerated response, were studied along with the non-mutant Micro-Tom (MT) cultivar. The plants were analyzed at 40 and 68 DAE to identify photosynthate source organs and tissues as well as the target organs of remobilized photosynthate during the reproductive stage. The plants were evaluated for their internal and external morphology as well as the percentage of dry mass of their organs. Photosynthate allocation in the hp1 mutant occurred primarily in the roots and leaves, and allocation in the au mutant occurred primarily in fruits. The au mutant showed a high capacity for photosynthate remobilization to fruit during the reproductive stage, and the predominant sources of these remobilized photosynthates were the leaf spongy parenchyma, the root vascular cylinder and the marrow stem.


O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a partição de fotoassimilados em tomateiros mutantes fotomorfogenéticos ao final da fase vegetativa, aos 40 dias após a emergência (DAE), e ao final da fase reprodutiva, aos 69 DAE, e sua interação com aspectos morfoanatômicos. Foram estudados os mutantes aurea (au), deficiente em fitocromo, e hp1, o qual expressa resposta exagerada à luz, e o tomateiro selvagem cultivar Micro-Tom (MT). As plantas foram analisadas 40 dias após a emergência (DAE) e 68 DAE, tentando identificar os órgãos e tecidos dos fotoassimilados remobilizados e seus órgãos de destino durante o estádio reprodutivo. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto à sua morfologia interna e externa e percentagem de massa seca entre os órgãos. A alocação de fotoassimilados no mutante hp1 ocorreu prioritariamente em raízes e folhas comparativamente aos demais órgãos, e no mutante au ocorreu prioritariamente em frutos comparativamente aos demais órgãos. O mutante au deteve alta capacidade de remobilização de fotoassimilados durante sua fase reprodutiva para os frutos e os fotoassimilados remobilizados tiveram origem preponderante do parênquima lacunoso foliar, do cilindro vascular radicular e da medula caulinar.


Subject(s)
Phytochrome , Solanum lycopersicum , Crop Production , Light
13.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 28(1): 43-47, jan./feb. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912343

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de isolados do complexo Xanthomonas spp. associado à mancha bacteriana do tomateiro ao cloreto de dodecil dimetil amônio e a sua eficiência no controle da doença. Este produto apresentou maior inibição in vitro aos isolados avaliados em relação ao hidróxido de cobre e aos cloretos de benzalcônio. Entretanto, não se observou redução da severidade da doença quando da utilização deste produto in vivo.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in vitro inhibition of Xanthomonas spp. and the control of tomato bacterial spot. This product showed a higher in vitro inhibition of the pathogen, compared to copper hydroxide and benzalkonium chloride. However, there was no reduction in disease severity when the product was sprayed on the plants.


Subject(s)
Xanthomonas , Agrochemicals , Solanum lycopersicum
14.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 35(3): 539-546, maio-jun. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-590071

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se, no trabalho, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de diferentes concentrações (0; 50; 100 e 150 mg L-1) de paclobutrazol (PBZ) sobre o crescimento, a emissão de brotos laterais e a produtividade de dois híbridos de tomateiro (Jennifer e AF 7631), em campo aberto e em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de abril a outubro de 2007, na UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, estado de São Paulo. O PBZ foi aplicado às mudas, aos 15 dias após a semeadura, avaliando-se seu efeito, nas concentrações testadas, em plantas de tomateiro após o seu transplantio. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com análise para grupo de experimentos, modelo fixo, com 4 blocos por ambiente e 9 plantas por parcela. Como resultado, o híbrido Jennifer apresentou maiores taxas de crescimento absoluto, resultando em plantas com maior altura que o AF 7631, aos 60 dias após o transplantio, sem que houvesse diferenças entre eles, no que se refere à brotação lateral e produtividade. Em ambiente protegido, foram obtidas plantas mais vigorosas, com maior altura, brotação lateral e maior produtividade que em campo aberto. O uso de concentrações crescentes de paclobutrazol reduziu a taxa de crescimento e a altura de plantas, bem como reduziu a brotação lateral e a produtividade da cultura.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0; 50; 100 and 150 mg L-1) of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on growth, side shoot emission and yield of two tomato hybrids (Jennifer and AF 7631), cultivated in open field and in protected environment. The work was conducted from April to October of 2007, at UNESP - Campus of Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo. The PBZ was applied to seedlings 15 days after sowing, and its effects were evaluated, considering the tested concentrations, for tomato plants after the transplant. A randomized blocks design was used, in a factorial scheme, with analysis for series of experiments, in a fixed model, consisting of 4 replicates for environment and 9 plants per plot. As results, the hybrid Jennifer showed higher rates of absolute growth, resulting in higher plants than AF 7631, on the 60th day after the transplantation, but, with no differences between them regarding side shooting and crop yield. In the greenhouse, higher plants were obtained, with higher side shooting and higher yield than that observed in the open field. The use of increasing concentrations of paclobutrazol reduced the height of plants and their growth rate, decreased side shooting, and reduced the crop yield.

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